Type

GraphQL Type System

The graphql.type package is responsible for defining GraphQL types and schema.

Definition

Predicates

graphql.type.is_composite_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_enum_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_input_object_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_input_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_interface_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_leaf_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_list_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_named_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_non_null_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_nullable_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_object_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_output_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_scalar_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_union_type(type_: Any) → bool

graphql.type.is_wrapping_type(type_: Any) → bool

Assertions

graphql.type.assert_abstract_type(type_: Any) → Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]

graphql.type.assert_composite_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLType

graphql.type.assert_enum_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType

graphql.type.assert_input_object_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType

graphql.type.assert_input_type(type_: Any) → Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType]

graphql.type.assert_interface_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType

graphql.type.assert_leaf_type(type_: Any) → Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType]

graphql.type.assert_list_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLList

graphql.type.assert_named_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType

graphql.type.assert_non_null_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNonNull

graphql.type.assert_nullable_type(type_: Any) → Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLList]

graphql.type.assert_object_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType

graphql.type.assert_output_type(type_: Any) → Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType]

graphql.type.assert_scalar_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType

graphql.type.assert_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLType

graphql.type.assert_union_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType

graphql.type.assert_wrapping_type(type_: Any) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType

Un-modifiers

graphql.type.get_nullable_type(type_: None) → None
graphql.type.get_nullable_type(type_: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLList]) → Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLList]
graphql.type.get_nullable_type(type_: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNonNull) → Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLList]: Unwrap possible non-null type

graphql.type.get_named_type(type_: None) → None
graphql.type.get_named_type(type_: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLType) → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType: Unwrap possible wrapping type

Definitions

class graphql.type.GraphQLEnumType(name: str, values: Union[Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumValue], Mapping[str, Any], Type[enum.Enum]], names_as_values: Optional[bool] = False, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.EnumTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.EnumTypeExtensionNode]] = None)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType

Enum Type Definition

Some leaf values of requests and input values are Enums. GraphQL serializes Enum values as strings, however internally Enums can be represented by any kind of type, often integers. They can also be provided as a Python Enum. In this case, the flag names_as_values determines what will be used as internal representation. The default value of False will use the enum values, the value True will use the enum names, and the value None will use the members themselves.

Example:

RGBType = GraphQLEnumType('RGB', {
    'RED': 0,
    'GREEN': 1,
    'BLUE': 2
})

Example using a Python Enum:

class RGBEnum(enum.Enum):
    RED = 0
    GREEN = 1
    BLUE = 2

RGBType = GraphQLEnumType('RGB', enum.Enum)

Instead of raw values, you can also specify GraphQLEnumValue objects with more detail like description or deprecation information.

Note: If a value is not provided in a definition, the name of the enum value will be used as its internal value when the value is serialized.

__init__(name: str, values: Union[Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumValue], Mapping[str, Any], Type[enum.Enum]], names_as_values: Optional[bool] = False, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.EnumTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.EnumTypeExtensionNode]] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.EnumTypeDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.EnumTypeExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

name: str

parse_literal(value_node: graphql.language.ast.ValueNode, _variables: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) → Any

parse_value(input_value: str) → Any

serialize(output_value: Any) → str

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumTypeKwargs

values: Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumValue]

class graphql.type.GraphQLInputObjectType(name: str, fields: Union[Callable[[], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputField]], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputField]], description: Optional[str] = None, out_type: Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Any]] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputObjectTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.InputObjectTypeExtensionNode]] = None)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType

Input Object Type Definition

An input object defines a structured collection of fields which may be supplied to a field argument.

Using NonNull will ensure that a value must be provided by the query.

Example:

NonNullFloat = GraphQLNonNull(GraphQLFloat())

class GeoPoint(GraphQLInputObjectType):
    name = 'GeoPoint'
    fields = {
        'lat': GraphQLInputField(NonNullFloat),
        'lon': GraphQLInputField(NonNullFloat),
        'alt': GraphQLInputField(
                  GraphQLFloat(), default_value=0)
    }

The outbound values will be Python dictionaries by default, but you can have them converted to other types by specifying an out_type function or class.

__init__(name: str, fields: Union[Callable[[], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputField]], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputField]], description: Optional[str] = None, out_type: Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Any]] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputObjectTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.InputObjectTypeExtensionNode]] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputObjectTypeDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.InputObjectTypeExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

property fields: Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputField]: Get provided fields, wrap them as GraphQLInputField if needed.

name: str

static out_type(value: Dict[str, Any]) → Any

Transform outbound values (this is an extension of GraphQL.js).

This default implementation passes values unaltered as dictionaries.

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectTypeKwargs

class graphql.type.GraphQLInterfaceType(name: str, fields: Union[Callable[[], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], interfaces: Optional[Union[Callable[[], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]]] = None, resolve_type: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo, Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]], Optional[Union[Awaitable[Optional[str]], str]]]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InterfaceTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.InterfaceTypeExtensionNode]] = None)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType

Interface Type Definition

When a field can return one of a heterogeneous set of types, an Interface type is used to describe what types are possible, what fields are in common across all types, as well as a function to determine which type is actually used when the field is resolved.

Example:

EntityType = GraphQLInterfaceType('Entity', {
        'name': GraphQLField(GraphQLString),
    })

__init__(name: str, fields: Union[Callable[[], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], interfaces: Optional[Union[Callable[[], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]]] = None, resolve_type: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo, Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]], Optional[Union[Awaitable[Optional[str]], str]]]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InterfaceTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.InterfaceTypeExtensionNode]] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InterfaceTypeDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.InterfaceTypeExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

property fields: Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]: Get provided fields, wrapping them as GraphQLFields if needed.

property interfaces: Tuple[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, ...]: Get provided interfaces.

name: str

resolve_type: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo, Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]], Optional[Union[Awaitable[Optional[str]], str]]]]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceTypeKwargs

class graphql.type.GraphQLObjectType(name: str, fields: Union[Callable[[], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], interfaces: Optional[Union[Callable[[], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]]] = None, is_type_of: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo], Union[Awaitable[bool], bool]]] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.ObjectTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.ObjectTypeExtensionNode]] = None)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType

Object Type Definition

Almost all the GraphQL types you define will be object types. Object types have a name, but most importantly describe their fields.

Example:

AddressType = GraphQLObjectType('Address', {
    'street': GraphQLField(GraphQLString),
    'number': GraphQLField(GraphQLInt),
    'formatted': GraphQLField(GraphQLString,
        lambda obj, info, **args: f'{obj.number} {obj.street}')
})

When two types need to refer to each other, or a type needs to refer to itself in a field, you can use a lambda function with no arguments (a so-called “thunk”) to supply the fields lazily.

Example:

PersonType = GraphQLObjectType('Person', lambda: {
    'name': GraphQLField(GraphQLString),
    'bestFriend': GraphQLField(PersonType)
})

__init__(name: str, fields: Union[Callable[[], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]], interfaces: Optional[Union[Callable[[], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType]]] = None, is_type_of: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo], Union[Awaitable[bool], bool]]] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.ObjectTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.ObjectTypeExtensionNode]] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.ObjectTypeDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.ObjectTypeExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

property fields: Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]: Get provided fields, wrapping them as GraphQLFields if needed.

property interfaces: Tuple[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, ...]: Get provided interfaces.

is_type_of: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo], Union[Awaitable[bool], bool]]]

name: str

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectTypeKwargs

class graphql.type.GraphQLScalarType(name: str, serialize: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None, parse_value: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None, parse_literal: Optional[Callable[[graphql.language.ast.ValueNode, Optional[Dict[str, Any]]], Any]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, specified_by_url: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.ScalarTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.ScalarTypeExtensionNode]] = None)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType

Scalar Type Definition

The leaf values of any request and input values to arguments are Scalars (or Enums) and are defined with a name and a series of functions used to parse input from ast or variables and to ensure validity.

If a type’s serialize function returns None, then an error will be raised and a None value will be returned in the response. It is always better to validate.

Example:

def serialize_odd(value: Any) -> int:
    try:
        value = int(value)
    except ValueError:
        raise GraphQLError(
            f"Scalar 'Odd' cannot represent '{value}'"
            " since it is not an integer.")
    if not value % 2:
        raise GraphQLError(
            f"Scalar 'Odd' cannot represent '{value}' since it is even.")
    return value

odd_type = GraphQLScalarType('Odd', serialize=serialize_odd)

__init__(name: str, serialize: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None, parse_value: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None, parse_literal: Optional[Callable[[graphql.language.ast.ValueNode, Optional[Dict[str, Any]]], Any]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, specified_by_url: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.ScalarTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.ScalarTypeExtensionNode]] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.ScalarTypeDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.ScalarTypeExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

name: str

parse_literal(node: graphql.language.ast.ValueNode, variables: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) → Any

Parses an externally provided literal value to use as an input.

This default method uses the parse_value method and should be replaced with a more specific version when creating a scalar type.

static parse_value(value: Any) → Any

Parses an externally provided value to use as an input.

This default method just passes the value through and should be replaced with a more specific version when creating a scalar type.

static serialize(value: Any) → Any

Serializes an internal value to include in a response.

This default method just passes the value through and should be replaced with a more specific version when creating a scalar type.

specified_by_url: Optional[str]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarTypeKwargs

class graphql.type.GraphQLUnionType(name: str, types: Union[Callable[[], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]], resolve_type: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo, Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]], Optional[Union[Awaitable[Optional[str]], str]]]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.UnionTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.UnionTypeExtensionNode]] = None)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType

Union Type Definition

When a field can return one of a heterogeneous set of types, a Union type is used to describe what types are possible as well as providing a function to determine which type is actually used when the field is resolved.

Example:

def resolve_type(obj, _info, _type):
    if isinstance(obj, Dog):
        return DogType()
    if isinstance(obj, Cat):
        return CatType()

PetType = GraphQLUnionType('Pet', [DogType, CatType], resolve_type)

__init__(name: str, types: Union[Callable[[], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]], Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]], resolve_type: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo, Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]], Optional[Union[Awaitable[Optional[str]], str]]]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.UnionTypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.UnionTypeExtensionNode]] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.UnionTypeDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.UnionTypeExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

name: str

resolve_type: Optional[Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo, Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]], Optional[Union[Awaitable[Optional[str]], str]]]]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionTypeKwargs

property types: Tuple[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, ...]: Get provided types.

Type Wrappers

class graphql.type.GraphQLList(type_: graphql.type.definition.GT)

Bases: Generic[graphql.type.definition.GT], graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType[graphql.type.definition.GT]

List Type Wrapper

A list is a wrapping type which points to another type. Lists are often created within the context of defining the fields of an object type.

Example:

class PersonType(GraphQLObjectType):
    name = 'Person'

    @property
    def fields(self):
        return {
            'parents': GraphQLField(GraphQLList(PersonType())),
            'children': GraphQLField(GraphQLList(PersonType())),
        }

__init__(type_: graphql.type.definition.GT) → None

of_type: graphql.type.definition.GT

class graphql.type.GraphQLNonNull(type_: graphql.type.definition.GNT)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType[graphql.type.definition.GNT], Generic[graphql.type.definition.GNT]

Non-Null Type Wrapper

A non-null is a wrapping type which points to another type. Non-null types enforce that their values are never null and can ensure an error is raised if this ever occurs during a request. It is useful for fields which you can make a strong guarantee on non-nullability, for example usually the id field of a database row will never be null.

Example:

class RowType(GraphQLObjectType):
    name = 'Row'
    fields = {
        'id': GraphQLField(GraphQLNonNull(GraphQLString()))
    }

Note: the enforcement of non-nullability occurs within the executor.

__init__(type_: graphql.type.definition.GNT)

of_type: graphql.type.definition.GT

Types

graphql.type.GraphQLAbstractType: alias of Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]

class graphql.type.GraphQLArgument(type_: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType], default_value: Any = Undefined, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, out_name: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputValueDefinitionNode] = None)

Bases: object

Definition of a GraphQL argument

__init__(type_: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType], default_value: Any = Undefined, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, out_name: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputValueDefinitionNode] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputValueDefinitionNode]

default_value: Any

deprecation_reason: Optional[str]

description: Optional[str]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

out_name: Optional[str]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLArgumentKwargs

type: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType]

graphql.type.GraphQLArgumentMap: alias of Dict[str, GraphQLArgument]

graphql.type.GraphQLCompositeType: alias of Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]

class graphql.type.GraphQLEnumValue(value: Optional[Any] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.EnumValueDefinitionNode] = None)

Bases: object

__init__(value: Optional[Any] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.EnumValueDefinitionNode] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.EnumValueDefinitionNode]

deprecation_reason: Optional[str]

description: Optional[str]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumValueKwargs

value: Any

graphql.type.GraphQLEnumValueMap: alias of Dict[str, GraphQLEnumValue]

class graphql.type.GraphQLField(type_: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType], args: Optional[Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLArgument]] = None, resolve: Optional[Callable[[...], Any]] = None, subscribe: Optional[Callable[[...], Any]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.FieldDefinitionNode] = None)

Bases: object

Definition of a GraphQL field

__init__(type_: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType], args: Optional[Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLArgument]] = None, resolve: Optional[Callable[[...], Any]] = None, subscribe: Optional[Callable[[...], Any]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.FieldDefinitionNode] = None) → None

args: Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLArgument]

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.FieldDefinitionNode]

deprecation_reason: Optional[str]

description: Optional[str]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

resolve: Optional[Callable[[...], Any]]

subscribe: Optional[Callable[[...], Any]]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLFieldKwargs

type: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType]

graphql.type.GraphQLFieldMap: alias of Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLField]

class graphql.type.GraphQLInputField(type_: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType], default_value: Any = Undefined, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, out_name: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputValueDefinitionNode] = None)

Bases: object

Definition of a GraphQL input field

__init__(type_: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType], default_value: Any = Undefined, description: Optional[str] = None, deprecation_reason: Optional[str] = None, out_name: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputValueDefinitionNode] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.InputValueDefinitionNode]

default_value: Any

deprecation_reason: Optional[str]

description: Optional[str]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

out_name: Optional[str]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputFieldKwargs

type: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType]

graphql.type.GraphQLInputFieldMap: alias of Dict[str, GraphQLInputField]

graphql.type.GraphQLInputType: alias of Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType]

graphql.type.GraphQLLeafType: alias of Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType]

class graphql.type.GraphQLNamedType(name: str, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.TypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.TypeExtensionNode]] = None)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLType

Base class for all GraphQL named types

__init__(name: str, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.TypeDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.TypeExtensionNode]] = None) → None

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.TypeDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.TypeExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

name: str

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedTypeKwargs

graphql.type.GraphQLNullableType: alias of Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInputObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLList]

graphql.type.GraphQLOutputType: alias of Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLScalarType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLEnumType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLWrappingType]

class graphql.type.GraphQLType

Bases: object

Base class for all GraphQL types

__init__()

class graphql.type.GraphQLWrappingType(type_: graphql.type.definition.GT)

Bases: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLType, Generic[graphql.type.definition.GT]

Base class for all GraphQL wrapping types

__init__(type_: graphql.type.definition.GT) → None

of_type: graphql.type.definition.GT

graphql.type.Thunk: alias of Union[Callable[[], graphql.type.definition.T], graphql.type.definition.T]

graphql.type.ThunkCollection: alias of Union[Callable[[], Collection[graphql.type.definition.T]], Collection[graphql.type.definition.T]]

graphql.type.ThunkMapping: alias of Union[Callable[[], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.T]], Mapping[str, graphql.type.definition.T]]

Resolvers

graphql.type.GraphQLFieldResolver: alias of Callable[[…], Any]

graphql.type.GraphQLIsTypeOfFn: alias of Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo], Union[Awaitable[bool], bool]]

class graphql.type.GraphQLResolveInfo(field_name: str, field_nodes: List[graphql.language.ast.FieldNode], return_type: GraphQLOutputType, parent_type: GraphQLObjectType, path: graphql.pyutils.path.Path, schema: GraphQLSchema, fragments: Dict[str, graphql.language.ast.FragmentDefinitionNode], root_value: Any, operation: graphql.language.ast.OperationDefinitionNode, variable_values: Dict[str, Any], context: Any, is_awaitable: Callable[[Any], bool])

Bases: NamedTuple

Collection of information passed to the resolvers.

This is always passed as the first argument to the resolvers.

Note that contrary to the JavaScript implementation, the context (commonly used to represent an authenticated user, or request-specific caches) is included here and not passed as an additional argument.

__init__()

context: Any: Alias for field number 10

count(value, /): Return number of occurrences of value.

field_name: str: Alias for field number 0

field_nodes: List[graphql.language.ast.FieldNode]: Alias for field number 1

fragments: Dict[str, graphql.language.ast.FragmentDefinitionNode]: Alias for field number 6

index(value, start=0, stop=9223372036854775807, /)

Return first index of value.

Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

is_awaitable: Callable[[Any], bool]: Alias for field number 11

operation: graphql.language.ast.OperationDefinitionNode: Alias for field number 8

parent_type: GraphQLObjectType: Alias for field number 3

path: graphql.pyutils.path.Path: Alias for field number 4

return_type: GraphQLOutputType: Alias for field number 2

root_value: Any: Alias for field number 7

schema: GraphQLSchema: Alias for field number 5

variable_values: Dict[str, Any]: Alias for field number 9

graphql.type.GraphQLTypeResolver: alias of Callable[[Any, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLResolveInfo, GraphQLAbstractType], Optional[Union[Awaitable[Optional[str]], str]]]

Directives

Predicates

graphql.type.is_directive(directive: Any) → bool: Test if the given value is a GraphQL directive.

graphql.type.is_specified_directive(directive: graphql.type.directives.GraphQLDirective) → bool: Check whether the given directive is one of the specified directives.

Definitions

class graphql.type.GraphQLDirective(name: str, locations: Collection[graphql.language.directive_locations.DirectiveLocation], args: Optional[Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLArgument]] = None, is_repeatable: bool = False, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.DirectiveDefinitionNode] = None)

Bases: object

GraphQL Directive

Directives are used by the GraphQL runtime as a way of modifying execution behavior. Type system creators will usually not create these directly.

__init__(name: str, locations: Collection[graphql.language.directive_locations.DirectiveLocation], args: Optional[Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLArgument]] = None, is_repeatable: bool = False, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.DirectiveDefinitionNode] = None) → None

args: Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLArgument]

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.DirectiveDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

is_repeatable: bool

locations: Tuple[graphql.language.directive_locations.DirectiveLocation, ...]

name: str

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.directives.GraphQLDirectiveKwargs

graphql.type.GraphQLIncludeDirective: alias of <GraphQLDirective(@include)>

graphql.type.GraphQLSkipDirective: alias of <GraphQLDirective(@skip)>

graphql.type.GraphQLDeprecatedDirective: alias of <GraphQLDirective(@deprecated)>

graphql.type.specified_directives: A tuple with all directives from the GraphQL specification

graphql.type.DEFAULT_DEPRECATION_REASON = 'No longer supported': String constant that can be used as the default value for deprecation_reason.

Introspection

Predicates

graphql.type.is_introspection_type(type_: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType) → bool: Check whether the given named GraphQL type is an introspection type.

Definitions

class graphql.type.TypeKind(value)

Bases: enum.Enum

An enumeration.

ENUM = 'enum'

INPUT_OBJECT = 'input object'

INTERFACE = 'interface'

LIST = 'list'

NON_NULL = 'non-null'

OBJECT = 'object'

SCALAR = 'scalar'

UNION = 'union'

graphql.type.TypeMetaFieldDef: alias of <GraphQLField <GraphQLObjectType ‘__Type’>>

graphql.type.TypeNameMetaFieldDef: alias of <GraphQLField <GraphQLNonNull <GraphQLScalarType ‘String’>>>

graphql.type.SchemaMetaFieldDef: alias of <GraphQLField <GraphQLNonNull <GraphQLObjectType ‘__Schema’>>>

graphql.type.introspection_types: This is a mapping containing all introspection types with their names as keys

Scalars

Predicates

graphql.type.is_specified_scalar_type(type_: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType) → bool: Check whether the given named GraphQL type is a specified scalar type.

Definitions

graphql.type.GraphQLBoolean: alias of <GraphQLScalarType ‘Boolean’>

graphql.type.GraphQLFloat: alias of <GraphQLScalarType ‘Float’>

graphql.type.GraphQLID: alias of <GraphQLScalarType ‘ID’>

graphql.type.GraphQLInt: alias of <GraphQLScalarType ‘Int’>

graphql.type.GraphQLString: alias of <GraphQLScalarType ‘String’>

graphql.type.GRAPHQL_MAX_INT: Maximum possible Int value as per GraphQL Spec (32-bit signed integer)

graphql.type.GRAPHQL_MIN_INT: Minimum possible Int value as per GraphQL Spec (32-bit signed integer)

Schema

Predicates

graphql.type.is_schema(schema: Any) → bool: Test if the given value is a GraphQL schema.

Definitions

class graphql.type.GraphQLSchema(query: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType] = None, mutation: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType] = None, subscription: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType] = None, types: Optional[Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType]] = None, directives: Optional[Collection[graphql.type.directives.GraphQLDirective]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.SchemaDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.SchemaExtensionNode]] = None, assume_valid: bool = False)

Bases: object

Schema Definition

A Schema is created by supplying the root types of each type of operation, query and mutation (optional). A schema definition is then supplied to the validator and executor.

Schemas should be considered immutable once they are created. If you want to modify a schema, modify the result of the to_kwargs() method and recreate the schema.

Example:

MyAppSchema = GraphQLSchema(
  query=MyAppQueryRootType,
  mutation=MyAppMutationRootType)

Note: When the schema is constructed, by default only the types that are reachable by traversing the root types are included, other types must be explicitly referenced.

Example:

character_interface = GraphQLInterfaceType('Character', ...)

human_type = GraphQLObjectType(
    'Human', interfaces=[character_interface], ...)

droid_type = GraphQLObjectType(
    'Droid', interfaces: [character_interface], ...)

schema = GraphQLSchema(
    query=GraphQLObjectType('Query',
        fields={'hero': GraphQLField(character_interface, ....)}),
    ...
    # Since this schema references only the `Character` interface it's
    # necessary to explicitly list the types that implement it if
    # you want them to be included in the final schema.
    types=[human_type, droid_type])

Note: If a list of directives is provided to GraphQLSchema, that will be the exact list of directives represented and allowed. If directives is not provided, then a default set of the specified directives (e.g. @include and @skip) will be used. If you wish to provide additional directives to these specified directives, you must explicitly declare them. Example:

MyAppSchema = GraphQLSchema(
  ...
  directives=specified_directives + [my_custom_directive])

__init__(query: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType] = None, mutation: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType] = None, subscription: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType] = None, types: Optional[Collection[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType]] = None, directives: Optional[Collection[graphql.type.directives.GraphQLDirective]] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, extensions: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.SchemaDefinitionNode] = None, extension_ast_nodes: Optional[Collection[graphql.language.ast.SchemaExtensionNode]] = None, assume_valid: bool = False) → None

Initialize GraphQL schema.

If this schema was built from a source known to be valid, then it may be marked with assume_valid to avoid an additional type system validation.

ast_node: Optional[graphql.language.ast.SchemaDefinitionNode]

description: Optional[str]

directives: Tuple[graphql.type.directives.GraphQLDirective, ...]

extension_ast_nodes: Tuple[graphql.language.ast.SchemaExtensionNode, ...]

extensions: Dict[str, Any]

get_directive(name: str) → Optional[graphql.type.directives.GraphQLDirective]

get_implementations(interface_type: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType) → graphql.type.schema.InterfaceImplementations

get_possible_types(abstract_type: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType]) → List[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]: Get list of all possible concrete types for given abstract type.

get_root_type(operation: graphql.language.ast.OperationType) → Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]

get_type(name: str) → Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType]

is_sub_type(abstract_type: Union[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLInterfaceType, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLUnionType], maybe_sub_type: graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType) → bool: Check whether a type is a subtype of a given abstract type.

mutation_type: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]

query_type: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]

subscription_type: Optional[graphql.type.definition.GraphQLObjectType]

to_kwargs() → graphql.type.schema.GraphQLSchemaKwargs

type_map: Dict[str, graphql.type.definition.GraphQLNamedType]

property validation_errors: Optional[List[graphql.error.graphql_error.GraphQLError]]

Validate

Functions

graphql.type.validate_schema(schema: graphql.type.schema.GraphQLSchema) → List[graphql.error.graphql_error.GraphQLError]

Validate a GraphQL schema.

Implements the “Type Validation” sub-sections of the specification’s “Type System” section.

Validation runs synchronously, returning a list of encountered errors, or an empty list if no errors were encountered and the Schema is valid.

Assertions

graphql.type.assert_valid_schema(schema: graphql.type.schema.GraphQLSchema) → None

Utility function which asserts a schema is valid.

Throws a TypeError if the schema is invalid.

Other

Thunk Handling

graphql.type.resolve_thunk(thunk: Union[Callable[[], graphql.type.definition.T], graphql.type.definition.T]) → graphql.type.definition.T

Resolve the given thunk.

Used while defining GraphQL types to allow for circular references in otherwise immutable type definitions.

Assertions

graphql.type.assert_name(name: str) → str: Uphold the spec rules about naming.

graphql.type.assert_enum_value_name(name: str) → str: Uphold the spec rules about naming enum values.